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Rates are shown for $\nu _e$ (triangles) and $\nu _\mu $ (circles) beams in the absence of oscillations, and for $\nu _e \rightarrow \nu _\mu $ oscillations (boxes) with the three--flavor oscillation parameters IA1. The calculation is from Ref.\nobreakspace {}\G@refundefinedtrue {\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {\normalfont \bfseries ??}}\GenericWarning { }{LaTeX Warning: Reference `geer00' on page 13 undefined}. }}{13}} \newlabel{fig:flux_xy}{{7}{13}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.4}Event distributions at a near site}{13}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Dependence of CC interaction rates on the neutrino beam direction. Relative rates are shown for a detector at a far site located downstream of a storage ring containing 30\nobreakspace {}GeV unpolarized muons, and a muon beam divergence of 0.33\nobreakspace {}mr. 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The other oscillation parameters correspond to the LAM scenario IA1. The curves correspond to $10^{19} \mu ^+$ decays in a 20\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory with a 50\nobreakspace {}kt detector, and a minimum muon detection threshold of 4\nobreakspace {}GeV. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}63\hbox {}.}}{55}} \newlabel{fig:v1}{{27}{55}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {28}{\ignorespaces The required number of muon decays needed in the beam--forming straight section of a neutrino factory to achieve the physics goals described in the text, shown as a function of storage ring energy for the LAM scenario IA1, SAM scenario IA2, LOW scenario IA3, and a bimaximal mixing scenario BIMAX. The baseline is taken to be 2800\nobreakspace {}km, and the detector is assumed to be a 50\nobreakspace {}kt wrong--sign muon appearance device with a muon detection threshold of 4\nobreakspace {}GeV or, for $\nu _e \rightarrow \nu _\tau $ appearance, a 5\nobreakspace {}kt detector. 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Also shown are the contributions from $\nu _e\to \nu _\mu $ oscillations (black dashed curve), $\nu _e\to \nu _\tau $, with a subsequent muonic decay of the $\tau $ lepton (red curve), and background from muonic decays of pions or kaons in neutral current or charged current events (blue dot-dashed curve). Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}. }}{63}} \newlabel{fig:m3}{{34}{63}} \citation{cerv00} \citation{camp00} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {35}{\ignorespaces Results from a global fit to the visible energy distributions for various event classes recorded in a 10\nobreakspace {}kt ICANOE--type detector 7400\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory. The 68\% CL contours correspond to experiments in which there are $10^{19}$, $10^{20}$, and $10^{21} \mu ^+$ decays in the neutrino factory (as labeled) followed by the same number of $\mu ^-$ decays. Upper plot: density fixed to its true value. 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Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}.}}{66}} \newlabel{fig:m4}{{38}{66}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {39}{\ignorespaces Allowed regions in oscillation parameter space calculated for a simulated experiment in which a 40\nobreakspace {}kt Fe-scintillator detector is a distance $L$\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 50\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{21} \mu $ decays. The curves are 90\% CL contours for $L = 732$\nobreakspace {}km (dashed), 3500\nobreakspace {}km (solid), and 7332\nobreakspace {}km (dotted). Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}62\hbox {}.}}{67}} \newlabel{fig:s13}{{39}{67}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {40}{\ignorespaces Visible energy distributions for events tagged by a right--sign muon in a MINOS--type detector 2800\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 20\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $2 \times 10^{20} \mu ^-$ decays. Predicted distributions are shown for four values of $\delta m^2_{32}$, with the other parameters corresponding to the LAM scenario IA1. For each panel, the points with statistical error bars show an example of a simulated experiment. The light shaded histograms show the predicted distributions in the absence of oscillations. Results are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}63\hbox {}. }}{67}} \newlabel{fig:v5}{{40}{67}} \citation{camp00} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {41}{\ignorespaces Fit results for simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt MINOS-type detector 2800\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $2 \times 10^{20} \mu ^-$ decays. For each trial point the $1\sigma $, $2\sigma $, and $3\sigma $ contours are shown for a perfect detector (no backgrounds) and no systematic uncertainty on the beam flux. The 68\%, 90\% and 95\% SuperK regions are indicated. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}63\hbox {}. }}{68}} \newlabel{fig:v6}{{41}{68}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {42}{\ignorespaces Fit results (1\nobreakspace {}$\sigma $ contours) for (a) simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt MINOS-type detector 2800\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $2 \times 10^{20} \mu ^-$ decays, and (b) wrong--sign muon appearance measurements. A 2\% systematic uncertainty on the flux are included. The acceptance for a muon is zero for $p_{\mu } < 4$ GeV and unity for $p_{\mu } \geq 4$ GeV. Backgrounds are included but no $p_{\perp }^2$ cut has been used. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}65\hbox {}. }}{69}} \newlabel{fig:b1}{{42}{69}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {43}{\ignorespaces Fit results for simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt ICANOE type detector 732\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{20} \mu $ decays. The effect of a systematic uncertainty on the neutrino flux is shown. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}. }}{70}} \newlabel{fig:m8}{{43}{70}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {44}{\ignorespaces Fit results for simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt ICANOE type detector 2900\nobreakspace {}km (top plot) and 7400\nobreakspace {}km (bottom plot) downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are (a) $10^{20} \mu $ decays and (b) $10^{21} \mu $ decays. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}. }}{71}} \newlabel{fig:m9}{{44}{71}} \citation{cerv00} \citation{bgrw00} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {45}{\ignorespaces Fit results for simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt ICANOE type detector 2900\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{20} \mu ^+$ decays followed by $10^{20} \mu ^+$ decays. Result are shown for 3 values of $\delta m^2_{32}$, and are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}. }}{72}} \newlabel{fig:m10}{{45}{72}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.5.5}Search for CP violation}{72}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {46}{\ignorespaces Fit results for simulated $\nu _\mu $ disappearance measurements with a 10\nobreakspace {}kt ICANOE type detector 7400\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 30\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{20} \mu ^+$ decays followed by $10^{20} \mu ^+$ decays. Result are shown for 3 values of $\delta m^2_{32}$, and are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}64\hbox {}. }}{73}} \newlabel{fig:m11}{{46}{73}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {47}{\ignorespaces The ratio $R$ of $\mathaccent "7016\relax \nu _e \to \mathaccent "7016\relax \nu _\mu $ to $\nu _e \to \nu _\mu $ event rates at a 20\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory for $\delta = 0$ and $\pm \pi /2$. The upper group of curves is for $\delta m^2_{32} < 0$, the lower group is for $\delta m^2_{32} > 0$, and the statistical errors correspond to $10^{21}$ muon decays of each sign and a 50\nobreakspace {}kt detector. The oscillation parameters correspond to the LAM scenario IA1. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}63\hbox {}. }}{73}} \newlabel{fig:cp1}{{47}{73}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {48}{\ignorespaces Reach in $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^22\theta _{13}$ that yields a $3\sigma $ discrimination between (a) $\delta = 0$ and $\pi /2$ with $\delta m^2_{32} > 0$, (b) $\delta = 0$ and $\pi /2$ with $\delta m^2_{32} < 0$, (c) $\delta = 0$ and $-\pi /2$ with $\delta m^2_{32} > 0$, and (d) $\delta = 0$ and $-\pi /2$ with $\delta m^2_{32} < 0$. The discrimination is based on a comparison of wrong--sign muon CC event rates in a 50\nobreakspace {}kt detector when $10^{21}$ positive and negative muons alternately decay in the neutrino factory. The reach is shown versus baseline for four storage ring energies. The oscillation parameters correspond to the LAM scenario IA1. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}63\hbox {}. }}{74}} \newlabel{fig:cp2}{{48}{74}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {49}{\ignorespaces Fit results in the CP phase $\delta $ versus $\theta _{13}$ plane for a LMA scenario with $\delta m^2_{21} = 1 \times 10^{-4}$\nobreakspace {}eV$^2$/c$^4$. The 68.5, 90, and 99\% CL contours are shown for a 40\nobreakspace {}kt detector a distance $L$\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 50\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{21} \mu ^+$ and $10^{21} \mu ^-$ decays. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}62\hbox {}. }}{74}} \newlabel{fig:cp3}{{49}{74}} \citation{cerv00} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {50}{\ignorespaces The lowest value of $\delta m^2_{21}$, shown as a function of $\theta _{13}$, for which the maximal CP phase $\delta = \pi /2$ can be distinguished from a vanishing phase in a LMA oscillation scenario. The curve corresponds to a 40\nobreakspace {}kt detector 3500\nobreakspace {}km downstream of a 50\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino factory in which there are $10^{21} \mu ^+$ and $10^{21} \mu ^-$ decays. Result are from Ref.\nobreakspace {}62\hbox {}. }}{75}} \newlabel{fig:cp4}{{50}{75}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Summary}{76}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {51}{\ignorespaces Kinematics of neutrino scattering in the parton model. 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The QPM expectation and the results from a NLO fit of the $Q^2$ evolution of most of the available data on $g_1^l$ are also shown. From the fit it was found that under this singlet the error is dominated by theoretical uncertainties. }}{88}} \newlabel{gluon}{{54}{88}} \citation{ICE} \newlabel{pol_g3}{{82}{89}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.11}Experimental Setup at the Neutrino Factory}{89}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {55}{\ignorespaces Charm and bottom quark production as a fraction of the total cross-section as a function of $E_\nu $. }}{90}} \newlabel{fig:charmrate}{{55}{90}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.12}Charm Production and $D^0- \overline {D}^0$ Mixing}{90}} \citation{E791} \citation{CLEO} \citation{BaBar} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {56}{\ignorespaces Charmed hadron spectra from neutrino interactions in a near detector from a $50$\nobreakspace {}GeV muon storage ring.}}{91}} \newlabel{fig:charmspect}{{56}{91}} \citation{nutev-wma} \citation{numcbook} \citation{CHARMII} \newlabel{reac:nu-e}{{88}{93}} \newlabel{eqn:nue-sigma}{{89}{93}} \newlabel{eqn:nue-sigmaval}{{3.12}{93}} \citation{ICANOE} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {57}{\ignorespaces Signal to noise in the low $p_t$ region ($p_t^2<{\begingroup \pi ^2\endgroup \over 16\gamma _\mu ^2}+{\begingroup m_eE_\nu \endgroup \over 2}$) as a function of $E_\nu $.}}{94}} \newlabel{fig:nue-sn}{{57}{94}} \citation{LL-SMITH} \citation{ref:paschos} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {58}{\ignorespaces Statistical uncertainty in $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2\theta _W$ for a luminosity of $10^{46}$\nobreakspace {}cm$^{-2}$ as a function of $y_{\rm cut}$ for a $30$\nobreakspace {}GeV neutrino beam. Note that the $\mu ^-$ produced beam is much less sensitive to $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2\theta _W$ due to nearly exactly cancellation in the $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2\theta _W$ dependence of the two neutrino species in the beam.}}{95}} \newlabel{fig:nue-sens}{{58}{95}} \newlabel{NCCC}{{93}{95}} \citation{NuTeV:prelim} \newlabel{eq:nutev-stw}{{97}{96}} \newlabel{eq:Rmuebar}{{98}{96}} \newlabel{eq:Rmuebarhat}{{99}{96}} \newlabel{eq:Rmubare}{{100}{96}} \newlabel{eq:Rmubarehat}{{101}{96}} \citation{GLR} \citation{Shrock} \newlabel{eq:little-g}{{103}{97}} \citation{Bolton} \citation{NuTeVNHL} \citation{NuTeVQ0} \citation{PDB} \citation{Shrock} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {59}{\ignorespaces Limits on $|U_{\mu L}|^2$ as a function of $L_0$ mass for one year of running. The curves show sensitivities for 20 GeV and 50 GeV muon energies. Sensitivities assume no background events in signal region.}}{99}} \newlabel{nhl_mustore}{{59}{99}} \citation{shrock} \citation{frank} \citation{ng} \citation{beacom} \citation{mu_e_limit} \citation{mu_mu_limit} \citation{star1} \citation{star2} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.13}Neutrino Magnetic Moments}{100}} \newlabel{krane}{{108}{100}} \newlabel{eq_split}{{109}{100}} \citation{norbert} \citation{geer_2day} \newlabel{eq_nlost}{{110}{101}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {60}{\ignorespaces Significance for several scenarios.}}{102}} \newlabel{mag_mom_signif}{{60}{102}} \citation{PDG} \citation{PDG} \citation{PDG} \citation{PDG} \citation{dreiner} \citation{quigg} \citation{emulsion} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {61}{\ignorespaces Example of exotic muon decay in R-parity-violating SUSY (Left), and an example of an exotic neutrino interaction in R-parity-violating SUSY (Right).}}{105}} \newlabel{exotics:decay}{{61}{105}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Summary}{105}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {62}{\ignorespaces One plane of a detector for $\tau $ production.}}{105}} \newlabel{exotics:detector}{{62}{105}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Charged current muon-neutrino scattering rates in a small target located near a muon storage ring. 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The detector is located ($E_{\mu }$, GeV) meters away from the ring to assure that primary muons have ranged out before the detector.}}{107}} \newlabel{rates}{{10}{107}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces $g_L$ and $g_R$ by $\nu -e$ scattering process}}{107}} \newlabel{tab:glgr}{{11}{107}} \bibcite{geer}{1} \bibcite{abp}{2} \bibcite{bgw}{3} \bibcite{suite}{4} \bibcite{janetc}{5} \bibcite{SKatm}{6} \bibcite{SKLyon}{7} \bibcite{LSND}{8} \bibcite{sgeer}{9} \bibcite{nucp}{10} \bibcite{twonu}{11} \bibcite{weaknc}{12} \bibcite{rmpnurev}{13} \bibcite{seesaw}{14} \bibcite{sol}{15} \bibcite{kam}{16} \bibcite{imb}{17} \bibcite{sk}{18} \bibcite{soudan}{19} \bibcite{macro}{20} \bibcite{chooz}{21} \bibcite{learned}{22} \bibcite{lsnd}{23} \bibcite{karmen}{24} \bibcite{jarlskog}{25} \bibcite{bilenky}{26} \bibcite{h-m}{27} \bibcite{donini}{28} \bibcite{wolf}{29} \bibcite{lipari}{30} \bibcite{nnn99}{31} \bibcite{cpv}{32} \bibcite{lb}{33} \bibcite{anl}{34} 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