NAME
dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript
SYNOPSIS
dvips [ options ] file[.dvi]
DESCRIPTION
The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by
TeX (or by some other processor such as GFtoDVI) and
converts it to PostScript, normally sending the result
directly to the laserprinter. The DVI file may be specified
without the .dvi extension. Fonts used may either be
resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files,
or a `virtual' combination of both. If the MakeTeXPK
program is installed, dvips will automatically invoke
METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already exist.
For more information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi,
which should be installed somewhere on your system.
OPTIONS
-a Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi
file instead of two and only loading those characters
actually used. Generally only useful on machines with
a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
-A Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
-b num
Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the
page body rather than using the #numcopies option.
This can be useful in conjunction with a header file
setting \bop-hook to do color separations or other neat
tricks.
-B Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
-c num
Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1. (For
collated copies, see the -C option below.)
-C num
Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the
data in the PostScript file). Slower than the -c
option, but easier on the hands, and faster than
resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple times.
-d num
Set the debug flags. This is intended only for
emergencies or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it
will work only if dvips has been compiled with the
DEBUG option. For more information on possible values
see section 15 of dvips.tex.
-D num
Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This
affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and
also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript
fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both
the horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high
resolution (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is
selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.
-e num
Make sure that each character is placed at most this
many pixels from its `true' resolution-independent
position on the page. The default value of this
parameter is resolution dependent. Allowing individual
characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded
positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true
position at the beginning of each new word, improves
the spacing of letters in words.
-E makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a
tight bounding box. This only works on one-page files,
and it only looks at marks made by characters and
rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it
gets the glyph metrics from the tfm file, so characters
that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may confuse
it. In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
loose if the character glyph has significant left or
right side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works
well for creating small EPSF files for equations or
tables or the like. (Note, of course, that dvips
output is resolution dependent and thus does not make
very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to
be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of
care.)
-f Read the .dvi file from standard input and write the
PostScript to standard output. The standard input must
be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If you must use a
pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output
to a temporary file and then points dvips at this file.
This option also disables the automatic reading of the
PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the
automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with
the -F option or in the configuration file; use -F
after this option if you want both.
-F Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the
very last character of the PostScript file. This is
useful when dvips is driving the printer directly
instead of working through a spooler, as is common on
extremely small systems. NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!
-h name
Prepend file name as an additional header file.
(However, if the name is simply `-' suppress all header
files from the output.) This header file gets added to
the PostScript userdict.
-i Make each section be a separate file. Under certain
circumstances, dvips will split the document up into
`sections' to be processed independently; this is most
often done for memory reasons. Using this option tells
dvips to place each section into a separate file; the
new file names are created replacing the suffix of the
supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence
number. This option is most often used in conjunction
with the -S option which sets the maximum section
length in pages. For instance, some phototypesetters
cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages
before running out of steam; these options can be used
to automatically split a book into ten-page sections,
each to its own file.
-k Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size
(which should be specified, either with a paper size
special or with the -T option) by a half inch in each
dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch
and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful
with typesetters that can set the page size
automatically.
-K This option causes comments in included PostScript
graphics, font files, and headers to be removed. This
is sometimes necessary to get around bugs in spoolers
or PostScript post-processing programs. Specifically,
the %%Page comments, when left in, often cause
difficulties. Use of this flag can cause some included
graphics to fail, since the PostScript header macros
from some software packages read portions of the input
stream line by line, searching for a particular
comment. This option has been turned off by default
because PostScript previewers and spoolers have been
getting better.
-l num
The last page printed will be the first one numbered
num Default is the last page in the document. If the
num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any
argument to the -p option) is treated as a sequence
number, rather than a value to compare with \count0
values. Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth page
of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
numbered.
-m Specify manual feed for printer.
-M Turns off the automatic font generation facility. If
any fonts are missing, commands to generate the fonts
are appended to the file missfont.log in the current
directory; this file can then be executed and deleted
to create the missing fonts.
-n num
At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
-N Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary
on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers.
Old versions of TranScript in particular cannot handle
modern Encapsulated PostScript.
-o name
The output will be sent to file name If no file name is
given, the default name is file.ps where the .dvi file
was called file.dvi; if this option isn't given, any
default in the configuration file is used. If the
first character of the supplied output file name is an
exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an
argument to popen; thus, specifying !lpr as the output
file will automatically queue the file for printing.
This option also disables the automatic reading of the
PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the
automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with
the -F option or in the configuration file; use -F
after this option if you want both.
-O offset
Move the origin by a certain amount. The offset is a
comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm
(in the same syntax used in the papersize special).
The origin of the page is shifted from the default
position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from
the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount.
-p num
The first page printed will be the first one numbered
num. Default is the first page in the document. If the
num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any
argument to the -l option) is treated as a sequence
number, rather than a value to compare with \count0
values. Thus, using -p =3 will start with the third
page of the document, no matter what the pages are
actually numbered.
-pp pagelist
A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be
given, which will be interpreted as \count0 values.
Pages not specified will not be printed. Multiple -pp
options may be specified or all pages and page ranges
can be specified with one -pp option.
-P printername
Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This
is implemented by reading in config.printername , which
can then set the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername
as well as the font paths and any other config.ps
defaults for that printer only. Note that config.ps is
read before config.printername In addition, another
file called ~/.dvipsrc is searched for immediately
after config.ps; this file is intended for user
defaults. If no -P command is given, the environment
variable PRINTER is checked. If that variable exists,
and a corresponding configuration file exists, that
configuration file is read in.
-q Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages
converted, etc.; report nothing but errors to standard
error.
-r Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be
printed first.
-s Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a
save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be
truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is
useful if you are driving the printer directly and
don't care too much about the portability of the
output.
-S num
Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.
This option is most commonly used with the -i option;
see that documentation above for more information.
-t papertype
This sets the paper type to papertype. The papertype
should be defined in one the appropriate code to select
it. (Currently known types include letter, legal,
ledger, a4, a3, ) You can also specify -t landscape,
which rotates a document by 90 degrees. To rotate a
document whose size is not letter, you can use the -t
option twice, once for the page size, and once for
landscape. The upper left corner of each page in the
.dvi file is placed one inch from the left and one inch
from the top. Use of this option is highly dependent
on the configuration file. Note that executing the
letter or a4 or other PostScript operators cause the
document to be nonconforming and can cause it not to
print on certain printers, so the paper size should not
execute such an operator if at all possible.
-T offset
Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.
This option takes its arguments in the same style as -
O. It overrides any paper size special in the dvi file.
-U Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization
that stores the character metric information in the
same string that is used to store the bitmap
information. This is only necessary when driving the
Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter. It is caused by a
bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on
the bottom of each character. Not recommended unless
you must drive this printer.
-x num
Set the magnification ratio to num /1000. Overrides the
magnification specified in the .dvi file. Must be
between 10 and 100000.
-X num
Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
-Y num
Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
-Z Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are
downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the PostScript
font-downloading information. Especially useful at
high resolutions or when very large fonts are used.
Will slow down printing somewhat, especially on early
68000-based PostScript printers.
SEE ALSO
mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.tex.
DIAGNOSTICS
NOTES
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems
Incorporated.
AUTHOR
Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>; extended to virtual
fonts by Don Knuth. Path searching and configuration
modifications by karl@cs.umb.edu.